Canada’s nonprofit immigrant-serving organizations and Canadian public benefit rules are largely structured by policy assumptions that are no longer valid. Many key immigrant-serving organizations in this service “sector” are funded by IRCC and other levels of government to assist legal permanent residents (PRs). Similarly, many rules and policies around access to public benefits—from health care and education to income support or subsidized housing—distinguishes Canadian citizens and PRs, on the one hand, from all other “non-residents” on the other. These simple dichotomies are inadequate to the current immigration reality. Today, large numbers of people hold legal temporary statuses, sometimes for long periods of time. The plethora of temporary statuses come with diverse rules and restrictions. An increasing number of people are at risk for falling out of status entirely as pathways to PR are narrowed. In this complex landscape, how does legal status produce uneven assistance systems of community support? What does this mean for belonging and immigrant integration? This project seeks to produce research findings with both direct relevance for nonprofits and government in the Canadian context, and to speak to an international literature on differential inclusion, challenging simple dichotomies between “legal” and “illegal” migration. The project is grounded in the observation that precarious migration is a heterogeneous process and that the experience of precarity is shaped by the ways that legal status intersects with institutional support.